INFLATION has become a cosmological buzzword in the 1990s. The current rate of expansion is described by Hubble's constant. The expansion or contraction of the universe depends on its content and past history. According to inflation theory, the universe was created in an unstable energy state, which forced a rapid expansion of the universe in … The 400000 years age is when the universe had expanded and cooled enough to become transparent - that is when the CMB photons started traveling towards us 13.7 billion years ago. Inflation causes space to … The Universe is certainly bigger than that, probably much bigger (the theory of Early Inflation says it's about 10^20 times bigger), perhaps infinite. Inflation ended when the universe was 10^-32 seconds old and was still less than a millimeter in size. Inflation theory brings together ideas from quantum physics and particle physics to explore the early moments of the universe, following the big bang. The expansion velocity was certainly faster than light for some pairs of positions for some time (otherwise we wouldn't have an event horizon, and the event horizon is well-observed). The current rate of expansion is usually expressed as the Hubble Constant (in units of kilometers per … So we don't know how fast the Universe expanded. Inflation for Beginners. Inflation is the mysterious force that blew up the scale of the infant universe from sub-microscopic to gargantuan in a fraction of a second. JOHN GRIBBIN. The mechanism that inflation provides that drives the universe towards flatness will in almost all cases overshoot, not giving us a universe that is just nearly flat today, but a universe that's almost exactly flat today. At this point the universe was smaller than an atom. Inflation ended at about $10^{-32}$ seconds after the big bang - that is when the universe was only 0.88mm. That doesn’t sound like much of an expansion, but it’s an increase of 10^26 times in a time so short that we humans cannot possibly wrap our heads around it. That is the idea that at some very early stage of its development (a fraction of a second after the Big Bang), the Universe expanded extremely fast. During inflation (as well as today, since dark energy has taken over), the scale factor, which characterizes the relative distance between comoving points in space, is increasing faster and faster, rather than increasing but at a gradually diminishing rate. It was developed around 1980 to explain several puzzles with the standard Big Bang theory, in which the universe expands relatively gradually throughout its history.
When we talk about universe inflation we should have in mind that the four cosmic forces did not appear yet, because at inflation no elements were formed yet. Over an incredibly short period of time the universe expanded at an enormous rate. Anyhow, at present the universe is growing far, far more slowly than during inflation. scientists say that at 0.03 second the inflation reached four light-years, also said that if it had continued at the same rate, it would have been disappeared during the second have of the first second. What’s special about inflation is that the universe is accelerating. This can be avoided, and people have at times tried to design versions of inflation that avoided it, but these versions of inflation never looked very plausible. [+] Universe is dominated by matter, radiation, or the energy inherent to space itself, with the latter corresponding to cosmic inflation. The Inflation Theory proposes a period of extremely rapid (exponential) expansion of the universe during its first few moments. On the other hand, dark energy drives the universe towards increasing rates of expansion.
With enough matter, the expansion will slow or even become a contraction. How Fast is the Universe Expanding? The universe is currently taking about $10^{18}$ seconds to double it's size so the expansion is about $10^{53}$ times slower. No self-respecting theory of the Universe is complete without a reference to inflation -- and at the same time there is now a bewildering variety of different versions of inflation to choose from.
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