Suppose the solar nebula began with a diameter of 10,000 AU and a rotation period of 1 million years. 1. All the processes we have just described, from the collapse of the solar nebula to the formation of protoplanets, took place within a few million years. With no more gravitational energy (from material falling in) to heat it, most of the nebula began to cool. There are many regularities to the motions in the solar system. Base your answers to questions 32 through 34 on the diagram below. We saw that the planets all revolve around the Sun in the same direction and approximately in the plane of the Sun’s own rotation. The diagram of our solar system represents? Consider the equations below. Start studying Steps of the formation of a solar system. For example, Saturn’s rings reflect sunlight at 2 micrometers, but not at 3 and 5 micrometers, so they appear blue. This simply means that after you've read the problem once or twice, you sketch the object in its … Uranus - 27. To get a more in-depth explanation of the step, click on the step and a popup window will appear with more information. Which of these diagrams best represents the steps in the formation of the solar system? Answer: In the geocentric model of the solar system, the Earth is viewed as the focal point or the centre of the close planetary system.. Basic Flowchart. The second diagram explains the steps of the formation of the sun. Tree trunks grow wider each year by continuous growth in a thin layer of cells just beneath the bark. In the same way, near the poles of the nebula, where orbits were slow, the nebular material fell directly into the center. The result was planetary differentiation, with heavier metals sinking toward the core and lighter silicates rising toward the surface. The formation and evolution of the Solar System began about 4.57 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Letters A through D represent positions on the Earth's surface. In the outer solar system, where the available raw materials included ices as well as rocks, the protoplanets grew to be much larger, with masses ten times greater than Earth. Mars - 2. Further detail can later be added to the diagram to elucidate interesting points in the system's behavior.) This sequence of events explains the basic chemical composition differences among various regions of the solar system. This is a lot shorter than the actual time Pluto takes to go around the Sun, but it gives you a sense of the kind of speeding up the conservation of angular momentum can produce. Arrow A: Arrow B: Arrow C: Arrow D: 74.6 kJ exothermic has a magnitude that is less than that of B represents the overall enthalpy of reaction. A)It is reflected and scattered as potential energy. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The growth resulted from the introduction of a vaccine. These are known as flowchart symbols. Threshold 4: Earth & Solar System. 30.Which diagram best represents the tilt of Earth's axis that causes the Northern Hemisphere seasons shown? There are certain basic properties of the planetary system that any theory of its formation must explain. If you're using Internet Explorer and have popups blocked, you will have to unblock them to see the window. Chemical reaction - Chemical reaction - The conservation of matter: In reactions under normal laboratory conditions, matter is neither created nor destroyed, and elements are not transformed into other elements. Explain how you know your answer is correct Jeannie got a new pair of eye glasses. In all cases … How Did Earth and the Solar System Form? This is called chemical fractionation. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun. In addition, most of the planets rotate in the same direction as they revolve, and most of the moons also move in counterclockwise orbits (when seen from the north). As the disk cooled, the gases interacted chemically to produce compounds; eventually these compounds condensed into liquid droplets or solid grains. (Diagrams are not drawn to scale.) As the solar nebula collapsed under its own gravity, material fell toward the center, where things became more and more concentrated and hot. Far from the Sun, cooler temperatures allowed the oxygen to combine with hydrogen and condense in the form of water (H2O) ice. These regions are the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune. Identify what are the users required the system to be performed to achieve these goals. The diagram represents a simplified model of the early formation of Earth’s interior. How many months will it take Jeannie to pay for her glasses? We call them constraintsbecause they place restrictions on our theories; unless a theory can explain the observed facts, it will not survive in the competitive marketplace of ide… 4.0—Earth & the Formation of Our Solar System. Most modern day telecommunications systems are best described in terms of a … The shaded portion represents the nighttime side of Earth. As mentioned the aim of a sequence diagram is to define event sequences, … Some planetesimals still survive today as comets and asteroids. Smaller-scale impacts also added mass to the inner protoplanets. Further, detailed examination of primitive meteorites indicates that they are made primarily from material that condensed or coagulated out of a hot gas; few identifiable fragments appear to have survived from before this hot-vapor stage 4.5 billion years ago. Every incoming planetesimal was accelerated by the gravity of the protoplanet, striking with enough energy to melt both the projectile and a part of the impact area. Using Data Visualizer, business analysts can represent process steps and associated metadata in a structured Excel table and quickly convert that information into a visualized Visio diagram. 1.Why does the Earth experience seasons? Dense clumps of matter held close together by gravity were spread around. One consequence may have been scattering of asteroids into the inner solar system, causing the period of “heavy bombardment” recorded in the oldest lunar craters. Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the diagram below, which shows an inferred sequence in which our solar system formed from a giant interstellar cloud of gas and debris. Picture the solar nebula at the end of the collapse phase, when it was at its hottest. Write this answer on your answer document. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. 1.The diagram below represents a total solar eclipse as seen from Earth. For example, it is difficult to explain the presence of water on Earth and Mars if these planets formed in a region where the temperature was too hot for ice to condense, unless the ice or water was brought in later from cooler regions. Which of these diagrams best represents the third step of Gina's model? The arrows labeled A best represent 58. Which mRNA segment shows the correct base sequence and directionality to produce the amino acid sequence Met … The sun formed first from the vast material, with the planets close behind. Given a model that represents a star at one stage of its evolution, we can calculate what it will be like at a slightly later time. The standard model for the formation of the Solar System (including the Earth) is the solar nebula hypothesis. Meteorites, comets, and asteroids are survivors of the solar nebula out of which the solar system formed. They are usually created as flowcharts, with shapes that represent steps in the process connected by arrows that indicate the next step. The inner parts of the system are generally missing those materials that could not condense (form a solid) at the high temperatures found near the Sun. We are now ready to put together the information from all these objects to discuss what is known about the origin of the solar system. The scale along the bottom shows temperature; above are the materials that would condense out at each temperature under the conditions expected to prevail in the nebula. The fishbone diagram helps one group these causes and provides a structure in which to display them. Phase diagrams plot pressure (typically in atmospheres) versus temperature (typically in degrees Celsius or Kelvin). Early in its formation, Earth was a molten mass of evenly mixed composition. Initially, we have Pinitial = 106 yr and Dinitial = 104 AU. D)Our solar system and the universe are estimated to be 10 billion years old. After glowing dull red for a few thousand years, the giant planets gradually cooled to their present state (Figure 3). Which diagram correctly represents the relative positions of the Sun (S), Earth (E), and the Moon (M) in space during a total solar eclipse? Note: Before following these steps, make sure that AutoConnect is active. Way off in the outer reaches of the solar system are comets. Detailed recent studies of the orbits of the planets and asteroids, however, suggest that there were more violent events soon afterward, perhaps involving substantial changes in the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. Away from the center, solid particles can condense as the nebula cools, giving rise to planetesimals, the building blocks of the planets and moons. Most of the several hundred thousand asteroids, or minor planets, orbit between Mars and Jupiter in a nearly flat ring called the asteroid belt. A)less than 1 B)2.5 C)4.6 D)over 10 The extreme example is the observation that there are polar deposits of ice on both Mercury and the Moon; these are almost certainly formed and maintained by occasional comet impacts. You can draw a free-body diagram of an object following these 3 steps: Sketch what is happening; Determine the forces that act on the object; Draw the object in isolation with the forces that act on it; Let's go through these steps in more detail. The picture shows a flow chart with four rectangular boxes. When applied correctly, it ensures that you address the actual cause of the problem and … Neptune - 13. The table below shows the relationship between mRNA codons and their amino acids. 21.The diagrams below represent Earth's tilt on its axis on four different dates. (credit: modification of work by NASA/JPL/University of Arizona). Your IP: 146.185.133.21 Saturn’s south polar regions are seen glowing with internal heat. Mars and Venus probably also acquired abundant water and organic materials from the same source, as Mercury and the Moon are still doing to form their icy polar caps. Question 28 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points) [OSS.01]Brenda made the geocentric model shown below to represent the sun, Earth, universe, and solar system. The grains that condensed in the solar nebula rather quickly joined into larger and larger chunks, until most of the solid material was in the form of planetesimals, chunks a few kilometers to a few tens of kilometers in diameter. She was able to pay $15 at the time she received her glasses. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Prioritize, review, estimate and validate the users. Planetary systems form around new stars. Figure 2: Chemical Condensation Sequence in the Solar Nebula. 17.Which graph best represents the relationship between the slope of a river and the particle size that can be transported by that river? As we noted earlier, other mechanisms helped the material in the disk lose angular momentum before the planets fully formed. On the View tab, in the Visual Aids group , the AutoConnect check box should be selected. Related posts: 1) Brand positioning . What does the symbol for C in Brenda's diagram most likely represent? In essence, this theory states that the … Figure 3: Saturn Seen in Infrared. Astronomers used to think that the solar system that emerged from this early evolution was similar to what we see today. The period is then 1.08 years. Approximately how … But although these giant planets got hotter than their terrestrial siblings, they were far too small to raise their central temperatures and pressures to the point where nuclear reactions could begin (and it is such reactions that give us our definition of a star). As the nebula shrinks, its rotation causes it to flatten into a disk. Nevertheless, a full theory must also be prepared to deal with the exceptions to these trends, such as the retrograde rotation (not revolution) of Venus. Let x represent the number of months needed to pay off the cost of the glasses. All the orbits of the planets are prograde (i.e. At this stage, we may think of these objects as protoplanets—”not quite ready for prime time” planets. The solar system didn't wrap up its formation process after the planets formed. 21.Why does the Moon show these phases when viewed by an observer on Earth? Letter X indicates a position in the orbit of planet A. In the realm of chemistry, we saw that Jupiter and Saturn have approximately the same composition—dominated by hydrogen and helium. Any natural solar system object other than the Sun, a planet, a dwarf planet, or a moon is called a small body; these include asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. The comets visible to us today are merely the tip of the cosmic iceberg (if you’ll pardon the pun). Giant impacts at this stage probably stripped Mercury of part of its mantle and crust, reversed the rotation of Venus, and broke off part of Earth to create the Moon (all events we discussed in other chapters). What is its rotation period when it has shrunk to the size of Pluto’s orbit, which Appendix F tells us has a radius of about 40 AU? In two regions, however, stable orbits are possible where leftover planetesimals could avoid impacting the planets or being ejected from the system. As a result, much of the debris striking the inner planets was ice-rich material that had condensed in the outer part of the solar nebula. "This world was once a fluid haze of light, So only your first sequence is … Mercury - 0. 3. Saturn - 61. answer choices . Soon the entire protoplanet was heated to above the melting temperature of rocks. As an example, consider the solar system. Most comets are believed to be in the Oort cloud, far from the region of the planets. Aligned to: LO 3.4 CA 3.4: Represent Genetic Information 3.4 D: Translation Quiz Page 2 of 9 PROCTOR VERSION. It is possible for these objects to subsequently absorb enough matter to exceed these limits, prompting a transition to either a neutron star or a black hole. A careful examination of the composition of solid solar-system objects shows a striking progression from the metal-rich inner planets, through those made predominantly of rocky materials, out to objects with ice-dominated compositions in the outer solar system. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed. 29 At which location on December 21 is the Sun directly overhead at solar noon? Increasing temperatures in the shrinking nebula vaporized most of the solid material that was originally present. In this model, the Solar System formed from a large, rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the solar nebula.It was composed of hydrogen and helium created shortly after the Big Bang 13.8 Ga (billion years ago) and heavier elements ejected by supernovae. The process of formation of the Sun is the first of a series of events, that eventually made life possible on Earth. In contrast to the previous stage of accretion, therefore, this new material did not represent just a narrow range of compositions. Create use cases for every goal. Gradually, as the planets swept up or ejected the remaining debris, most of the planetesimals disappeared. Accretion of infalling materials heated the planets, leading to their differentiation. Step 0: Identify a problem or need Step 1: Conduct research to understand the current situaion Step … Which statement best explains the events represented in this diagram? 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