health. As the CA systems maintain Furthermore, 0–10 cm soil depth showed the highest SB of different category of total weed, predominant weeds as well as higher values of DMg, H’, and λ; whereas reverse trend was observed in Whittaker Statistic (βW). Soil PGPR for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and molecular identification of potential novel bacteria. In addition, where NT is not implemented as part of an integrated system that incorporates stubble retention and appropriate crop rotations to help manage weeds, diseases, pests and soil fertility, decreases in yield can be observed. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA ) is an approach to guide the management of agriculture in the era of climate change. The results showed that creating a suitable organizational structure is a very significant driving factor for CA development in Iran. CCT. Early civilization can be considered a boom time in agricultural science and technology. The ultimate aim of CA is to achieve satisfactory returns and greater plus persistent crop production and, at the same time, to conserve the environment. The Greeks and Romans took much of their agricultural technology from other civilizations with which they had contact - most notably those of the ancient Near East such as Mesopotamia, via Sumeria. Agricultural economics, study of the allocation, distribution, and utilization of the resources used, along with the commodities produced, by farming.Agricultural economics plays a role in the economics of development, for a continuous level of farm surplus is one of the wellsprings of technological and commercial growth.. er analysis for its safe usage to soil and crops for irrigation. In this region, rice is traditionally established as puddling, followed by hand transplanting of rice seedling and consecutive flooding [2,3]; whereas ploughing is the dominant tillage practice for establishment of wheat [1,3]. 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